风险化处理库存(RSTI)是一种半结构化访谈和评级量表,旨在帮助临床医生评估危险性,成熟成熟度和治疗不适以及治疗需求的风险。RSTI表现出可靠性和有效性,可以帮助精神卫生专业人员评估和制定法医环境中少年的治疗计划。
RSTI描述
Each of the three scales (Risk for Dangerousness, Sophistication-Maturity, and Treatment Amenability) of the RSTI contains 15 items that represent both static and dynamic factors. Additionally, each scale of the RSTI consists of three clusters, thus providing psychological information on nine subconcepts. Specifically, the Risk for Dangerousness Scale consists of Violent and Aggressive Tendencies, Planned and Extensive Criminality, and Psychopathic Features clusters. The Maturity Scale is composed of Autonomy, Cognitive Capacities, and Emotional Maturity clusters and allows for the assessment of whether youths are using their maturity prosocially or antisocially. The Treatment Amenability Scale consists of the Psychopathology— Degree and Type, Responsibility and Motivation to Change, and Consideration and Tolerance of Others clusters. These clusters are dynamic, although some types of psychopathology might be more difficult to treat than others.
RSTI材料包括专业手册,半结构化访谈手册和评级表,可从心理评估资源获得。专业手册描述了该工具的可靠性和有效性,并包括提供适当评分和解释结果的示例的案例研究。访谈手册为获得背景,临床和历史信息以及少年行为和心理功能的样本提供了指导。在整个面试中提供可选的探针,以在需要时获得更多信息。评级表使临床医生能够通过审查和合成附带来源的信息来评分项目。每个项目的评分为3分制,反映了个人证明特定特征的程度(0 =不存在特征/能力,1 =亚临床/中度,2 =特征/能力的存在)。
RSTI Development
The RSTI was developed according to conventional scale construction procedures and involved three primary steps. First, item generation entailed an extensive search for items in case law and psychological literature. Descriptions of juveniles and their families were drawn from relevant statutes pertaining to transfer criteria, appellate cases (both successful and unsuccessful), and research (both psychological studies and law reviews) related to the primary constructs and transfer decisions.
第二步涉及两个单独的典型分析。要求临床儿童和青少年心理学家对他们认为是危险性,成熟成熟度和治疗不适的物品进行评分。法医外交官被要求提供他们评估的少年评级,后来被转移给成人刑事法院。接下来,要求国民少年法官和家庭法官理事会为这三个宽松定义的概念评价核心特征。每种构造的原型项目都在评估者中对齐,这表明对危险性,成熟成熟度和治疗不适的风险的中心组成部分有普遍的共识。
rsti的结构
使用探索性和验证性因素分析(CFA)程序来检查典型评级的结构。CFA结果构成了RSTI量表开发的基础。将项目分配给量表在很大程度上依赖于原型评级和因子结构。尺度上不包含低原型评级的项目,即使它们可能已加载到一个因素上。例如,鲁ck和多活跃的特征是在危险因素上加载的,但被排除在外,因为它们获得了低原型评级,并且在CFA中产生的模型拟合指数不足。
内部一致性和可靠性
三个RSTI因子的α系数范围从.78到.83。RSTI量表的类内相关性范围从0.74到.94,表明评分者类型和评分方法的良好的跨依性可靠性。比较临床医生和受过训练的研究生评分者之间的基于访谈的RSTI评级导致可靠性略高,范围从0.81到.94,这表明访谈可能会提高评级的可靠性。
RSTI有效性
Several studies have reported evidence for the RSTI’s concurrent validity using other measures of psychological constructs to which the RSTI constructs should be related. The RSTI Risk for Dangerousness Scale correlated positively with Conduct Disorder, Violent Conduct Disorder, Psychopathic Traits, and both Reactive and Total Aggression. The Treatment Amenability Scale was associated with older ages of onset of conduct disorder and negatively associated with conduct disorder symptoms.
Criterion validity of the Treatment Amenability Scale was examined by testing the association between file-based RSTI ratings and later treatment compliance and other criteria among male juveniles at a juvenile treatment center. The scale was associated with positive interactions with staff and maintenance of appropriate boundaries, both of which are important to the therapeutic relationship. The Dangerousness Scale was negatively associated with maintenance of appropriate boundaries, and the Maturity Scale was associated with excellent classroom behavior. Criterion validity was assessed in two studies of retrospective outcomes among youths facing transfer to adult court. Relative to youths not transferred to adult court, transferred youths received, on average, significantly higher dangerousness and maturity scores and lower treatment scores.
RSTI应用程序
RSTI手册可从心理评估资源获得。RSTI具有版权保护,可以作为套件购买,其中包括手册,25个结构化访谈手册和25个评分量表。具有少年司法环境经验的精神卫生专业人员可以管理RSTI。RSTI可以在法院评估单位,拘留中心以及在门诊环境中咨询临床医生进行管理。RSTI可用于与针对一般处置决策,承诺和转让给成人法院以及反向转让听证会,治疗建议以及最重要的开发个性化治疗计划的建议有关的评估。
参考:
- Leistico,A。R.和Salekin,R。T.(2003)。测试风险,成熟成熟度和治疗疗法的可靠性和有效性(RST-I):少年犯罪者的评估工具。国际法医杂志,第2期,第101-117期。
- Salekin, R. T. (2002). Psychopathy and therapeutic pessimism: Clinical lore or clinical reality.Clinical Psychology Review, 22, 79-122.
- Salekin,R。T.(2004)。风险熟练处理 - 居所(RST-I):专业手册。佛罗里达州卢兹:心理评估资源。
- Salekin,R。T.和Grimes,R。(2008)。面临转移到成人法院的少年罪犯的临床评估。在R. Jackson(编辑)中,学习法医评估。纽约:Routledge。
Read more about少年罪犯inForensic Psychology.